Finance is an offshoot of economics that deals with the management, creation, study of money and also covers topics like credit, investments, assets and liabilities that make up financial systems.
What is Finance?
Finance is mainly focussed on the study of prices,interest rates, money flows, and the financial markets. In a broader sense, the concept of finance also focuses on the time value of money, rates of return, capital cost, optimal financial structures and the quantification of risk.
Types of Finance: Personal, Public and Corporate
There are three branches of finance:
Corporate or Business Finance
Public Finance
Types of Finance
What is Finance in Business?
Corporate finance involves managing assets, liabilities, revenues and debt for a business. Financing in a business is done through a number of ways including equity investments and credit arrangements. This kind of finance is also concerned with determining an excellent debt policy for a new company or the perfect strategy for asset allocation for an investor.
Objective of Business Finance
Personal Finance
Personal finance deals with the financial decisions and activities of an individual or household which include budgeting, insurance, mortgage planning, savings and retirement planning.
Public Finance
Public finance is a branch of finance which deals with tax systems, expenditures of the government, budget procedures, stabilisation policy, instruments, debt issues and other related concerns of the government.
Objectives of Public Finance
Difference between Finance and Economics
There are various parameters to distinguish between economic and non - economic activities. Economics is a more theoretical concept while finance is more practical. Both economics and finance are interrelated disciplines. The concept of finance is derived from economics which is focused on how goods and services are made, distributed and used. Finance types include personal, public and corporate finance. Economics is divided into Macroeconomics and Microeconomics. Macroeconomics deals with the overall economy and Microeconomics deals with specific factors within the economy.
Finance v/s Economics
Distinguish between Economic and Non - Economic Activities
Economic activity deals with production and consumption of goods and services for monetary gain whereas non - economic activity is performed gladly without any expectation in return. Economic activity is performed with the motive to earn money while non - economic activity is performed for social or psychological gain. Economic activity has a pragmatic approach while non - economic activity is idealistic in nature. Economic activity results in value addition of the national income whereas non - economic activity does not affect the national income.
Case Study
Effect of COVID - 19 on Economy in India
The COVID - 19 pandemic had brought social and economic life to a standstill. In this study, the impact of this pandemic on affected sectors such as aviation, tourism, retail, capital markets, and MSMEs will be assessed. The outbreak impacted nations in many ways, especially the lockdowns made social and economic life disturbed.
The world experienced a multi-sectoral impact of the virus as the economic activities of nations slowed down. The World Health Organisation and the World Bank in a 2019 Report jointly estimated the impact of the COVID - 19 pandemic at 2.2% to 4.8% of the global GDP. The International Monetary Fund chief also stated that the world is faced with extraordinary uncertainty about the depth and duration of the crisis and it was the worst economic fallout since the Great Depression.
This pandemic affected almost every sector including the manufacturing and the services sector: hospitality, tours and travels, healthcare, retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, IT, recreation, media, and others. The economic stress has caused many employers to lose their jobs. The pandemic-induced lockdown and social distancing made productivity loss on one hand, and they also reduced demand for goods and services by the consumers in the market on the other hand. Thus economic activity collapsed.
Every crisis brings about a special opportunity to rethink on the path undertaken for the development of a human being and society. This COVID - 19 pandemic had a clear message for the Indian economy to adopt sustainable development models.
Summary
Though Finance and Economics are interrelated, they are not identical disciplines. Economics is mainly focussed on local or international markets, human behaviour, goods and services etc. Finance studies the financial system and related to money, banks, loans, investments, savings, etc. Both these disciplines inform and influence each other. Investors also pay special attention to both of these disciplines since both these influence the markets to a larger extent.
